Please send information on any links you think might be of interest to the Bacteriophage Ecology Group

· Challenge Grants: Joint Ventures in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (including phage therapy: "This challenge grants program seeks to support clinical research and trials to determine whether bacteriophage therapy is both efficacious and safe and whether development of resistance to the phage is a significant deterrent to its widespread adoption in hospital settings.")

· Characterisation of Phage of Staphylococcus Species and Evaluation of Their Therapeutic Potential

· Defeat of a Superbug (abc News.com)

· E coli Septicemia

· G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage (Tbilisi)

· Evergreen International Phage Meeting (registration for 2000 meeting)

· Fight Fire with Fire

· Fighting Superbugs With Phages (radio web rebroadcast)

· Helicobacter pylori-Antigen-Binding Fragments Expressed on the Filamentous M13 Phage Prevent Bacterial Growth

· Hospital Horror

· The Hunt is On: For New Ways to Overcome Bacterial Resistance

· Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences (Therapeutic Uses of Bacteriophages)

· Long-circulating bacteriophage as antibacterial agents

· More Phages (eGroups transcript of Phage Medicine April 10, 2000, radio interview)

· Nature of Things - The Virus that Cures [10/29/98 CBC TV broadcast]

· Phage Therapy

· PhageTherapy.Com (5/14/00 note to phagetherapy.com webmaster: your e-mail form is not working)

· PhageTherapy.Com Links Page

· Phage/Phage Medicine (transcript of a phage-therapy themed radio show)

· Phage Therapy Revisited (apparently the effort of a student)

· Phage Therapy / Tau Neutrino Science Friday

· Phage therapy: The peculiar kinetics of self-replicating pharmaceuticals

· Phage-Tech Interest Group

· Protective effects of bacteriophage on experimental Lactococcus garvieae infection in yellowtail

· Recent Phage Therapy Articles and Publications

· Results of Bacteriophage Treatment of Suppurative Bacterial Infections 1. General Evaluation of Results

· Results of Bacteriophage Treatment of Suppurative Bacterial Infections In the Years 1981 - 1986

· Return of a Killer [11/2/98 U.S. News and World Report article on phage therapy]

· Revealed: Our Best Hope to Beat the Killer 'Superbugs' (Millennium Debate)

· Sewage saves Lives!

· Smaller Fleas ... Ad Infinitum: Therapeutic bacteriophage redux

· A Stalinist Antibiotic Alternative (New York Times Magazine article) (this article is now available only to New York Times subscribers but can be found in a text version by clicking here and then searching for: "A STALINIST ANTIBIOTIC ALTERNATIVE" twice or by clicking here)

· Tbilisi Institute for Bacteriophage Therapy

· Use of Phages in Treating Respiratory Illness

· Use of Lytic Bacteriophage for Control of Experimental Escherichia coli Septicemia and Meningitis in Chickens and Calves

· The Virus that Cures

· Viruses may Help Fight Bacteria that Resist Antibiotics (The Guardian)

· Window Of Superbug Vulnerability Begins (www.sightings.com)

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Old-but-still-Functional Phage Ecology Sites

· 1998 Algal Virus Workshop

· 1998 Molecular Evolution Meeting

· 1998 Phage T4 International Meeting

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Other Phage-Related Sites

· All the Virology on the WWW

· ASM Division M (Bacteriophage); includes a number of phage images

· Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics (book)

· Bacteriophage Ba1

· Bacteriophage (definition)

· Bacteriophage (Encyclopedia Britannica)

· Bacteriophage (overview)

· Bacteriophage (overview of types)

· Bacteriophage T4 FAQs (frequently asked questions)

· "Bacteriophage and the Old Testament"

· Bacteriophage T4 Home Page

· Bacteriophage T4 People

· The Bacteriophage T4 Virus

· Bacteriophage T4 VRML Visualizations

· Bacteriophage Teaching Resources

· Bacterial Virus Subcommittee

· Batch Bioprocesses (brief reference to phage contamination)

· Directory of /repository/t4phage

· Electron Micrograph Library (some pictures of phages)

· FDA.gov "bacteriophage" search

· FDA.gov "phage" search

· Flexis-T4 Knowledge Base. Contact Victor Shchurbakov for information

· Genetic Exchange Among Bacteria (Fred Cohan Lab)

· Indiana Biolabs Bacteriophage Index

· Intimate Strangers (Quicktime Movie of T4 Infecting Cell)

· Lambda Phage Propagation

· Lambdoid phage homoimmunity and heteroimmunity

· Lysogeny

· Molecular Genetics 428 (phage lecture)

· List of T4 Web Sites

· One-Step Growth Experiment

· Phage (an introduction to some basic phage biology)

· Phage et al. LTD

· <>Phage Images

· <>Phage-Related Protocols

· Pittsburgh Bacteriophage Institute

· Protein Synthesis during T4 Infection of Stationary Phase E. coli

· The Big Picture Book of Viruses: Myoviridae

· The Virus that Kills Bacteria [the T4 lytic cycle in cartoon, by microscope, and the latter also as a movie!]

· Index Virum - an index to ICTV approved virus families, subfamilies

· Family Corticoviridae (type species: Alteromonas phage PM2)

· Family Cystoviridae (type species: Pseudomonas phage f6)

· Family Inoviridae (type species: coliphage fd, Acholeplasma phage L51)

· Family Leviviridae (type species: enterobacteria phage MS2, enterbacteria phage Q_)

· Family Microviridae (type species: coliphage fX174, Spiroplasma phage 4, Bdellovibrio phage MAC1, Chlamydia phage 1)

· Family Myoviridae (type species: coliphage T4)

· Family Plasmaviridae (type species: Acholeplasma phage L2)

· Family Podoviridae (type species: coliphage T7)

· Family Siphoviridae (type species: coliphage lambda)

· Family Tectiviridae (type species: enterobacteria phage PRD1)

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Phage Books

· Amazon.com "Phage Ecology" query

1. The Bacteriophage: Its Role in Immunity (English translation, 1922)

2. Bacteriophage Phenomena (1923)

3. Arrowsmith (1926)

4. The Bacteriophage and its Behavior (English translation, 1926)

5. The Bacteriophage and its Clinical Application (English translation, 1930)

6. Bacteriophage in the Treatment and Prevention of Cholera (1932)

7. The Bacteriophage: A Historical and Critical Survey of 25 Years Research (1946)

8. Le Bacteriophage: Sa Nature et son Emploi Thérapeutique (1946)

9. Phage-Typing of Shigella sonnei (1946)

10. Le Bactériophage: Premier Colloque International (1953)

11. Les bactéries lysogénes et la notion de provirus (1954)

12. Bakteriophagie, 1917 bis 1956 (a bacteriophage bibliography) (1957)

13. Biophysik der Bakteriophagen (1959)

14. Bacteriophages (1959)

15. Papers on Bacterial Viruses (1960)

16. Bakteriophagen, Objekte der Modernen Genetik (1962)

17. Molecular Biology of Bacterial Viruses (1963)

18. Stochastic Models For Bacteriophage (1965)

19. Bacteriophages (1966)

20. Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology, Expanded Edition (first edition, 1966; expanded second edition, 1992)

21. Bakteriophagie 1957-1965 (Bacteriophagy 1957-1965) (1967)

22. The Genetics of Bacteria and their Viruses: Studies in Basic Genetics and Molecular Biology (1964, 1968, 1970)

23. Ultrastruction of Bacterial Viruses (1970)

24. Bacteriophage Biochemistry (1971)

25. Bacterial Genetics and Temperate Phage (1971)

26. The Bacteriophage Lambda (1971)

27. Genetics Experiments with Bacterial Viruses (1971)

28. Virulent Phage (1971)

29. Morphogenesis of T-Even Bacteriophages (1973)

30. Ultrastructure of Animal Viruses and Bacteriophages. An Atlas. (1973)

31. Morphology and Ultrastructure of Shigella and Klebsiella bacteriophages (1974)

32. Phage (1974)

33. Bacteriophages (1975)

34. RNA Phages (1975)

35. Bacterial, Phage and Molecular Genetics. An Experimental Course (1976)

36. Regulation and Genetics: Bacterial DNA Viruses (1976)

37. Reproduction: Bacterial DNA Viruses (1976)

38. The Single-Stranded DNA Phages (1978)

39. Phage-Typing of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (1979)

40. Bacteriophage Assembly (1980)

41. Transfektsiia Nukleinovymi Kislotami Bakteriofagov (1980)

42. Bacteriophages as Indicators of Human Enteric Viruses in Activated Sludge Waterwater Treatment (1983)

43. Bacteriophage T4 (1983)

44. Lambda II (1983)

45. A Slot Machine, a Broken Test Tube : An Autobiography (1984)

46. Viral Control of Nuisance Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae). II. Cyanophage Strains, Stability on Phages and Hosts, and Effects of Environmental Factors on Phage-Host Interactions (1985)

47. Viruses of Prokaryotes (volumes I & 2, 1987)

48. Phage Ecology (1987)

49. Phage Mu (1987)

50. The Bacteriophages (volumes I & 2, 1988)

51. The Molecular Biology of Bacterial Virus Systems (1988)

52. Thinking About Science: Max Delbrück and the Origins of Molecular Biology (1988)

53. Bacteriophages from China. An Electron Microscopical Atlas (1991)

54. Practical Phage Control (1991)

55. Bakterienviren (1992)

56. A Genetic Switch : Phage and Higher Organisms (second edition, 1992)

57. Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics (1994)

58. Molecular Biology of Bacteriophage T4 (1994)

59. Darwin's Radio (1999)

60. Felix D'Herelle and the Origins of Molecular Biology (1999)

· Biotyping in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (1978)

· Fungal Viruses: Proceedings of the Symposium on Fungal Viruses (1979)

· Viruses and Plasmids in Fungi (1979)

· Fungal Virology (1986)

· Viruses of Fungi and Simple Eukaryotes (1988)

· Encyclopedia of Virology (second edition, 1994)

· The Evolutionary Biology of Viruses (1994)

· Viruses and the Environment (1995)

· Horizontal Gene Transfer (1998)

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Phage-History Links

· The Bacteriophage Ecology Group Phage-Books List (this page)

· Thomas Foxen Anderson (1911-1991) Papers, 1928-1989

· Werner Arbor (1929-present)

· Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (the original phage-therapy novel)

· Fredrick John Babel (1911-1997)

· Sir (Frank) Macfarlane Burnet (1899-1985):

· Memorial

· Encyclopedia Britanica

· Jacques J. Bronfenbrenner (???-???)

· Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

· Deoxyribonucleic acid

· Francis Harry Compton Crick (1916-present)

· Max Delbrück (1906-1981):

· The Caltech Institute Archives

· Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

· Encyclopedia Britanica

· Nobel Prize

· Thinking About Science: Max Delbrück and the Origins of Molecular Biology

· Renato Dulbecco (1914-present)

· Emory L. Ellis (1906-present)

· Felix D'Herelle (1873-1949)

· Felix D'Herelle and the Origins of Molecular Biology

· Alfred Day Hershey (1908-1997):

· Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

· Encyclopedia Britanica

· Washington University

· Nobel Prize

· Hershey-Chase Experiment

· History of Genetics Timeline

· History of Molecular Biology

· History of Bacteriophage Research

· Houses for Science : A Pictorial History of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

· The Isolation of T-Even Phages

· Frantois Jacob (1920-present):

· Encyclopedia.com

· Nobel Prize

· Living Molecules or Autocatalytic Enzymes: The Controversy Over the Nature of Bacteriophage, 1915-1925 by Alan Wayne Varley (1986)

· Joshua Lederberg (1925-present):

· Encyclopedia Britanica

· The Joshua Lederberg Papers

· Nobel Prize

· Salvador Luria (1912-1991):

· Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

· Encyclopedia Britanica

· Nobel Prize

· A Slot Machine, a Broken Test Tube : An Autobiography

· André Michel Lwoff (1902-1994):

· Nobel Prize

· Encyclopedia.com

· Ward J. Macneal (1881-1946) (papers of) (studied bacteriophage therapy)

· Major Discoveries Made with Bacteriophages

· The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962

· The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965

· The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969

· On an Invisible Microbe Antagonistic to the Dysentery Bacillus. Felix d'Herelle

· Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology, Expanded Edition

· Phage Course

· Phage Group

· Hansjürgen Raettig (1911-1997)

· Recipients of the Pasteur Award

· Significant Events of the Last 125 years

· F. W. Twort (1877-1950)

· Urban Legend: Phage Isolated from Letter

· James D. Watson (1928-present):

· Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

· Nobel Prize

· Norton David Zinder (1928-present):

· Encyclopedia Britanica

· Laboratory of Genetics (Zinder's lab homepage)

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Phage Companies

· Biophage Inc.

contact: Rosemonde Mandeville

address: Montreal, Canada

phone: (514) 496-1488

fax: (514) 496-1521

e-mail: email@biophage.com

web site: www.biophage.com

business: Biophage is a high potential, knowledge-based biotechnology company licensed to exploit new, innovative and patented platform technologies in the health industry with specific focus on cancer, infection/inflammation and immune modulation.

· Exponential Biotherapies, Inc.

contact: Richar M. Carlton, M.D.

address: 150 Main Street, Port Washington, NY 11050

phone: (516) 883-6883

fax: (516) 883-6903

e-mail: carltonebi@erols.com

web site: www.ebi.org

business: Therapeutic use of phages in humans, food production animals and companion animals.

· Intralytix

contact: Torrey C. Brown, MD

address: 351 W. Camden Street, Suite 100, Baltimore, Maryland 21201

phone: (410) 659-7330

fax: (410) 625-2244

e-mail: info@Intralytix.com

web site: www.Intraltyix.com

business: Intralytix, Inc. is a development stage biotechnology company focused on the production and marketing of products using bacteriophages to control bacterial pathogens in environmental, food processing, and medical settings.

· MicroPeace Biotechnology Consulting

contact: Dr. Ipek Kurtboke

address: LPO Box 2093, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia

phone: +61 (03) 9813 5660

fax: +61 (03) 9813 5660

e-mail: micropeace@hotmail.com

web site:

business: In order to develop new and improved compounds for future use against drug-resistant bacteria and/or for chemical modifications, it is necessary to continue to screen for new metabolites and evaluate the potential of less known or new bacteria taxa. Selective isolation of rare bacteria taxa is one of the major targets for industrial microbiologists, who are in search of novel compounds with therapeutic activity. Bacteriophages can be effective tools in this search. They can be natural indicators of the presence of rare taxa in a selected test substrate. They can also be used to determine the relatedness of the isolated taxa; moreover, to deselect unwanted taxa on isolation plates in the process of target specific selective isolations. Micropeace provides consultancy to biotechnology companies and research institutes who are interested in detection of rare or novel actinomycetes and other bacteria, how to use phages as effective tools in this search.

· Phage Biotech, Ltd.

contact: Asher Wilf

address: 3P.O.Box 3288, Tel Aviv 61032, Israel

phone: +972-52-446782

fax: +972-52-446782

e-mail: asher@phage-biotech.com

web site: www.phage-biotech.com

business: Research, development, standardization, production, and application of lytic bacteriophage technology toward an array of clinical, veterinary, agricultural, industrial, and ecologic applications.

· Phage Therapeutics International Inc. (PhageTx)

contact: ???

address: 22116 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021

phone: 425-482-9511 (for investors: 604-684-8894 or 888-224-4144)

fax: 425-482-0834 (for investors: 604-684-2130)

e-mail: ???

web site: www.phagetx.com

business: formed to develop, manufacture and achieve regulatory approval of bacteriophage pharmaceutical products for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant and other bacterial infections

· PhageTech Inc.

contact: Ms. Sarita Benchimol, M.Sc.

address: P.O. Box 387, Place du Parc, Montreal, QC H2W 2N9

phone: (514) 282-0990

fax: (514) 282-9889

e-mail: saritab@phagetech.com

web site: none

business: ???

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Additional Sites of Possible Relevance to Phage Ecology

· ATCC on-line catalog

· Bacteriophage Replication

· Cyanosite

· Digital Learning Center for Microbial Ecology

· Microbial Population Biology Gordon Conference

· Presque Isle Cultures, a source of a few phage strains particularly useful for high school projects

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Phage-Ecology Meta-Tag Links

The Bacteriophage Ecology Group splash page (www.phage.org) possesses a number of meta tags/names that are employed by search engines to classify the site. These words are listed below and each is linked to Google.com as a defined search. If you can think of additional tags/terms/names/keywords that may be included in this list, please e-mail me with your suggestion(s).

acellular (acellular and phage), actinophage, actinophages, bacteria sex, bacterial sex, bacteriophage, bacteriophage ecology, bacteriophage evolution, bacteriophage immunity, bacteriophage resistance, bacteriophage therapy, bacteriophage typing, bacteriophages, bacteriophagology, bdellovibrio, Bdellovibrio ecology (Bdellovibrio and ecology), carrier state ("carrier state" and phage), conjugation (bacteria and conjugation), cryptic phage, cryptic prophage, cyanophage, cyanophages, ecology, environmental biology, environmental microbiology, evolution, evolutionary biology, fecal pollution, indicator (fecal and indicator and phage), generalized transduction, generalized transducing phages (generalized transducing phage), halophage, halovirus, heteroimmune phages, homoimmune phages, horizontal transfer, legionella, lysis (lysis and phage), lysogen, lysogenic, lysogeny, lysis (lysis and phage), marine viruses, microbial population biology, microbiology, mycovirus, mycoviruses, parasitism (parasitism and phage), phage, phage ecology, phage evolution, phage genetics, phage immunity, phage therapy, phage typing, phages, phagology, phycovirus, phycoviruses, population biology ("population biology" and phage), predation (predation and phage), predator (predator and phage), prey (prey and phage), prophage, prophage derepression, prophage induction, phage as transposons, pseudolysogeny, recombination (recombination and phage), specialized transducing phages, symbiosis (symbiosis and phage), transduction ("transduction in the wild"), vampirococcus, virioplankton, viral disinfection, virology, virus, virus ecology, virus evolution, viruses.

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Dead Links

(if you know where these have been moved, then let me know)

99-06-24: Thank-you to Eryn S. Welch for tracking down the new URLs of not one but four of our previously dead links! See also Eryn's wonderful Introductory Microbiology site.

· Attachment and Replication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriophages Under Conditions Simulating Aquatic Environments

· Can Pseudolysogeny be induced by Antibiotics?

· Characterization of Viruses which Infect Marine Phytoplankton

· Lactobacillus Bacteriophage, Lay Discussion

· Mark's T4 Page

· Prevalence of Broad-Host-Range Lytic Bacteriophages of Sphaerotilus natans, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

· Pseudomonas Transduction in Wild (Fresh Water)

· Sunlight-induced DNA damage and in marine viral communities

· Survival of the Fittest Bacteriophage

· Comparison of viruses that lyse the marine photosynthetic flagellate Micromonas pusilla using quantitative DNA-DNA hybridization

· Design and use of PCR primers for B-family DNA polymerase genes to detect and identify viruses and microbes

· Development of a PCR-based technique for detecting and quantifying algal viruses in aquatic environments